Results for 'Robert D. Johnston'

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  1.  31
    Should Children with Severe Cognitive Impairment Receive Solid Organ Transplants?Robert D. Orr, Joyce K. Johnston, S. Ashwal & L. L. Bailey - 2000 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 11 (3):219-229.
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  2.  24
    Effects of orienting tasks and instructions about associative structure on free recall and clustering.Robert E. Till, Carroll D. Johnston & James J. Jenkins - 1975 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 6 (4):349-351.
  3.  12
    Mark A. Largent. Vaccine: The Debate in Modern America. 222 pp., index. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012. $34.95. [REVIEW]Robert D. Johnston - 2013 - Isis 104 (3):650-651.
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  4. New books. [REVIEW]G. A. Johnston, H. R. Mackintosh, Robert A. Duff, M. D., R. M. MacIver, A. E. Taylor, Philip E. B. Jourdain, R. F. Alfred Hoernlé, B. A., Henry J. Watt, B. Bosanquet, F. C. S. Schiller & John Edgar - 1914 - Mind 23 (89):126-150.
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  5. Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis.David C. Whitcomb, Jessica LaRusch, Alyssa M. Krasinskas, Lambertus Klei, Jill P. Smith, Randall E. Brand, John P. Neoptolemos, Markus M. Lerch, Matt Tector, Bimaljit S. Sandhu, Nalini M. Guda, Lidiya Orlichenko, Samer Alkaade, Stephen T. Amann, Michelle A. Anderson, John Baillie, Peter A. Banks, Darwin Conwell, Gregory A. Coté, Peter B. Cotton, James DiSario, Lindsay A. Farrer, Chris E. Forsmark, Marianne Johnstone, Timothy B. Gardner, Andres Gelrud, William Greenhalf, Jonathan L. Haines, Douglas J. Hartman, Robert A. Hawes, Christopher Lawrence, Michele Lewis, Julia Mayerle, Richard Mayeux, Nadine M. Melhem, Mary E. Money, Thiruvengadam Muniraj, Georgios I. Papachristou, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Joseph Romagnuolo, Gerard D. Schellenberg, Stuart Sherman, Peter Simon, Vijay P. Singh, Adam Slivka, Donna Stolz, Robert Sutton, Frank Ulrich Weiss, C. Mel Wilcox, Narcis Octavian Zarnescu, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Michael R. O'Connell, Michelle L. Kienholz, Kathryn Roeder & M. Micha Barmada - unknown
    Pancreatitis is a complex, progressively destructive inflammatory disorder. Alcohol was long thought to be the primary causative agent, but genetic contributions have been of interest since the discovery that rare PRSS1, CFTR and SPINK1 variants were associated with pancreatitis risk. We now report two associations at genome-wide significance identified and replicated at PRSS1-PRSS2 and X-linked CLDN2 through a two-stage genome-wide study. The PRSS1 variant likely affects disease susceptibility by altering expression of the primary trypsinogen gene. The CLDN2 risk allele is (...)
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  6. Group Minds and Natural Kinds.Robert D. Rupert - forthcoming - Avant: Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies.
    The claim is frequently made that structured collections of individuals who are themselves subjects of mental and cognitive states – such collections as courts, countries, and corporations – can be, and often are, subjects of mental or cognitive states. And, to be clear, advocates for this so-called group-minds hypothesis intend their view to be interpreted literally, not metaphorically. The existing critical literature casts substantial doubt on this view, at least on the assumption that groups are claimed to instantiate the same (...)
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  7. Planet Earth: Crumbling Metaphysical Illusion.Robert D. Stolorow - 2020 - American Imago 77 (1):105-107.
    The author develops the claim that humans characteristically maintain a sense of protectedness by creating various forms of metaphysical illusion, replacing the tragic finitude and transience of human existence with a permanent and eternally changeless reality. One such illusion forms around planet earth itself, transformed into an indestructible metaphysical entity. It has become increasingly difficult, in the face of the ravages of climate change, to maintain the illusion of earth’s indestructibility, and with it, a sense of safety. The author refers (...)
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  8. Psychoanalysis Finds a Home: Emotional Phenomenology.Robert D. Stolorow - 2022 - In ʻAner Govrin & Tair Caspi (eds.), The Routledge international handbook of psychoanalysis and philosophy. New York, NY: Routledge.
    This essay develops the thesis that the essence of psychoanalysis lies in emotional phenomenology.
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  9. Bewitching oxymorons and illusions of harmony.Robert D. Stolorow & Atwood George E. - 2021 - Language and Psychoanalysis 10 (1):1-4.
    In the present essay we explore a form of linguistic witchery (Wittgenstein) aimed at forging a sense of unity from incompatible visions of reality—namely, the formation of oxymoronic hybrids.
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  10. Robert D. Johnston, The Politics of Healing: histories of alternative medicine in twentieth-century North America.R. Cooter - 2004 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 27:101-105.
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  11. The Toughest Triage — Allocating Ventilators in a Pandemic.Robert D. Truog, Christine Mitchell & George Q. Daley - 2020 - New England Journal of Medicine.
    The Covid-19 pandemic has led to severe shortages of many essential goods and services, from hand sanitizers and N-95 masks to ICU beds and ventilators. Although rationing is not unprecedented, never before has the American public been faced with the prospect of having to ration medical goods and services on this scale.
     
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  12.  20
    The Tragic Mind: Fear, Fate, and the Burden of Power.Robert D. Kaplan - 2023 - New Haven ;: Yale University Press.
    _A moving meditation on recent geopolitical crises, viewed through the lens of ancient and modern tragedy__ “Spare, elegant and poignant.... If there is a single contemporary book that should be pressed into the hands of those who decide issues of war and peace, this is it.”—John Gray, _New Statesman_ “It is tragic that Robert D. Kaplan’s luminous _The Tragic Mind_ is so urgently needed.”—George F. Will_ Some books emerge from a lifetime of hard-won knowledge. Robert D. Kaplan has (...)
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  13.  89
    Is It Time to Abandon Brain Death?Robert D. Truog - 2012 - Hastings Center Report 27 (1):29-37.
    Despite its familiarity and widespread acceptance, the concept of “brain death” remains incoherent in theory and confused in practice. Moreover, the only purpose served by the concept is to facilitate the procurement of transplantable organs. By abandoning the concept of brain death and adopting different criteria for organ procurement, we may be able to increase both the supply of transplantable organs and clarity in our understanding of death.
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  14. Cognitive Systems and the Extended Mind.Robert D. Rupert - 2009 - New York, US: Oup Usa.
    Robert Rupert argues against the view that human cognitive processes comprise elements beyond the boundary of the organism, developing a systems-based conception in place of this extended view. He also argues for a conciliatory understanding of the relation between the computational approach to cognition and the embedded and embodied views.
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  15.  20
    Is there a cell-biological alphabet for simple forms of learning?Robert D. Hawkins & Eric R. Kandel - 1984 - Psychological Review 91 (3):375-391.
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  16.  54
    Changing the Conversation About Brain Death.Robert D. Truog & Franklin G. Miller - 2014 - American Journal of Bioethics 14 (8):9-14.
    We seek to change the conversation about brain death by highlighting the distinction between brain death as a biological concept versus brain death as a legal status. The fact that brain death does not cohere with any biologically plausible definition of death has been known for decades. Nevertheless, this fact has not threatened the acceptance of brain death as a legal status that permits individuals to be treated as if they are dead. The similarities between “legally dead” and “legally blind” (...)
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  17. Challenges to the hypothesis of extended cognition.Robert D. Rupert - 2004 - Journal of Philosophy 101 (8):389-428.
  18.  96
    Brain Death - Too Flawed to Endure, Too Ingrained to Abandon.Robert D. Truog - 2007 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 35 (2):273-281.
    The concept of brain death has become deeply ingrained in our health care system. It serves as the justification for the removal of vital organs like the heart and liver from patients who still have circulation and respiration while these organs maintain viability. On close examination, however, the concept is seen as incoherent and counterintuitive to our understandings of death. In order to abandon the concept of brain death and yet retain our practices in organ transplantation, we need to either (...)
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  19.  32
    Is ‘best interests’ the right standard in cases like that of Charlie Gard?Robert D. Truog - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (1):16-17.
    Savulescu and colleagues have provided interesting insights into how the UK public view the ‘best interests’ of children like Charlie Gard. But is best interests the right standard for evaluating these types of cases? In the USA, both clinical decisions and legal judgments tend to follow the ‘harm principle’, which holds that parental choices for their children should prevail unless their decisions subject the child to avoidable harm. The case of Charlie Gard, and others like it, show how the USA (...)
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  20.  39
    Brain Death — Too Flawed to Endure, Too Ingrained to Abandon.Robert D. Truog - 2007 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 35 (2):273-281.
    The concept of brain death was recently described as being “at once well settled and persistently unresolved.” Every day, in the United States and around the world, physicians diagnose patients as brain dead, and then proceed to transplant organs from these patients into others in need. Yet as well settled as this practice has become, brain death continues to be the focus of controversy, with two journals in bioethics dedicating major sections to the topic within the last two years.By way (...)
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  21.  45
    Microethics: The Ethics of Everyday Clinical Practice.Robert D. Truog, Stephen D. Brown, David Browning, Edward M. Hundert, Elizabeth A. Rider, Sigall K. Bell & Elaine C. Meyer - 2015 - Hastings Center Report 45 (1):11-17.
    Over the past several decades, medical ethics has gained a solid foothold in medical education and is now a required course in most medical schools. Although the field of medical ethics is by nature eclectic, moral philosophy has played a dominant role in defining both the content of what is taught and the methodology for reasoning about ethical dilemmas. Most educators largely rely on the case‐based method for teaching ethics, grounding the ethical reasoning in an amalgam of theories drawn from (...)
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  22.  30
    Driven by information: A tectonic theory of Stroop effects.Robert D. Melara & Daniel Algom - 2003 - Psychological Review 110 (3):422-471.
  23.  39
    World, Affectivity, Trauma: Heidegger and Post-Cartesian Psychoanalysis.Robert D. Stolorow - 2011 - Routledge.
    Stolorow and his collaborators' post-Cartesian psychoanalytic perspective – intersubjective-systems theory – is a phenomenological contextualism that illuminates worlds of emotional experience as they take form within relational contexts. After outlining the evolution and basic ideas of this framework, Stolorow shows both how post-Cartesian psychoanalysis finds enrichment and philosophical support in Heidegger's analysis of human existence, and how Heidegger's existential philosophy, in turn, can be enriched and expanded by an encounter with post-Cartesian psychoanalysis. In doing so, he creates an important psychological (...)
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  24.  24
    The Division of Labor in Communication: Speakers Help Listeners Account for Asymmetries in Visual Perspective.Robert D. Hawkins, Hyowon Gweon & Noah D. Goodman - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (3):e12926.
    Recent debates over adults' theory of mind use have been fueled by surprising failures of perspective-taking in communication, suggesting that perspective-taking may be relatively effortful. Yet adults routinely engage in effortful processes when needed. How, then, should speakers and listeners allocate their resources to achieve successful communication? We begin with the observation that the shared goal of communication induces a natural division of labor: The resources one agent chooses to allocate toward perspective-taking should depend on their expectations about the other's (...)
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  25. William James: In the Maelstrom of American Modernism.Robert D. Richardson - 2008 - The Pluralist 3 (1):128-130.
     
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  26.  86
    Trauma and Human Existence: Autobiographical, Psychoanalytic, and Philosophical Reflections.Robert D. Stolorow - 2007 - Routledge.
    Trauma and Human Existence effectively interweaves two themes central to emotional trauma--the first pertains to the contextuality of emotional life in general, and of the experience of emotional trauma in particular, and the second pertains to the recognition that the possibility of emotional trauma is built into the basic constitution of human existence. This volume traces how both themes interconnect, largely as they crystallize in the author’s personal experience of traumatic loss. As discussed in the book's final chapter, whether or (...)
  27.  91
    A Process and Format for Clinical Ethics Consultation.Robert D. Orr & Wayne Shelton - 2009 - Journal of Clinical Ethics 20 (1):79-89.
  28. Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks.Robert D. Rogers & Stephen Monsell - 1995 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 124 (2):207.
  29.  2
    Review: Henry W. Johnstone, Robert Price, Axioms for the Implicational Calculus with One Variable. [REVIEW]M. D. Gladstone - 1970 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 35 (4):584-584.
  30.  11
    Brain Death at Fifty: Exploring Consensus, Controversy, and Contexts.Robert D. Truog, Nancy Berlinger, Rachel L. Zacharias & Mildred Z. Solomon - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (S4):2-5.
    This special report is published in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the “Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death,” a landmark document that proposed a new way to define death, with implications that advanced the field of organ transplantation. This remarkable success notwithstanding, the concept has raised lasting questions about what it means to be dead. Is death defined in terms of the biological failure of the organism to (...)
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  31.  13
    Lessons from the Case of Jahi McMath.Robert D. Truog - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (S4):70-73.
    Jahi McMath's case has raised challenging uncertainties about one of the most profound existential questions that we can ask: how do we know whether someone is alive or dead? The case is striking in at least two ways. First, how can it be that a person diagnosed as dead by qualified physicians continued to live, at least in a biological sense, more than four years after a death certificate was issued? Second, the diagnosis of brain death has been considered irreversible; (...)
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  32.  42
    The Human–Nature Experience: A Phenomenological-Psychoanalytic Perspective.Robert D. Schweitzer, Harriet Glab & Eric Brymer - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  33. John 20:1–18.Robert D. Young - 2002 - Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 56 (2):199-201.
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  34.  58
    Psychopathy: Assessment and forensic implications.Robert D. Hare & Craig S. Neumann - 2010 - In Luca Malatesti & John McMillan (eds.), Responsibility and Psychopathy: Interfacing Law, Psychiatry and Philosophy. Oxford University Press, Usa. pp. 93--123.
  35. Representation and mental representation.Robert D. Rupert - 2018 - Philosophical Explorations 21 (2):204-225.
    This paper engages critically with anti-representationalist arguments pressed by prominent enactivists and their allies. The arguments in question are meant to show that the “as-such” and “job-description” problems constitute insurmountable challenges to causal-informational theories of mental content. In response to these challenges, a positive account of what makes a physical or computational structure a mental representation is proposed; the positive account is inspired partly by Dretske’s views about content and partly by the role of mental representations in contemporary cognitive scientific (...)
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  36. Emerson: The Mind on Fire.Robert D. Richardson - 1998 - Journal of Speculative Philosophy 12 (1):77-81.
     
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  37.  8
    Program control of circulatory behavior.Robert D. Wurster - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (2):305-305.
  38. Matthew 25:1–13.Robert D. Young - 2000 - Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 54 (4):419-422.
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  39.  34
    From partners to populations: A hierarchical Bayesian account of coordination and convention.Robert D. Hawkins, Michael Franke, Michael C. Frank, Adele E. Goldberg, Kenny Smith, Thomas L. Griffiths & Noah D. Goodman - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (4):977-1016.
  40.  13
    Ventilator Allocation Protocols: Sophisticated Bioethics for an Unworkable Strategy.Robert D. Truog - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (5):56-57.
    Hastings Center Report, Volume 51, Issue 5, Page 56-57, September‐October 2021.
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  41.  52
    Are organs personal property or a societal resource?Robert D. Truog - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (4):14 – 16.
  42.  47
    Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment and the Relevance of the Killing Versus Letting Die Distinction.Robert D. Truog & Andrew McGee - 2019 - American Journal of Bioethics 19 (3):34-36.
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  43. The Phenomenology of Language and the Metaphysicalizing of the Real.Robert D. Stolorow & George E. Atwood - 2017 - Language and Psychoanalysis 6 (1):04-09.
    This essay joins Wilhelm Dilthey’s conception of the metaphysical impulse as a flight from the tragedy of human finitude with Ludwig Wittgenstein’s understanding of how language bewitches intelligence. We contend that there are features of the phenomenology of language that play a constitutive and pervasive role in the formation of metaphysical illusion.
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  44.  16
    Characterizing the Dynamics of Learning in Repeated Reference Games.Robert D. Hawkins, Michael C. Frank & Noah D. Goodman - 2020 - Cognitive Science 44 (6):e12845.
    The language we use over the course of conversation changes as we establish common ground and learn what our partner finds meaningful. Here we draw upon recent advances in natural language processing to provide a finer‐grained characterization of the dynamics of this learning process. We release an open corpus (>15,000 utterances) of extended dyadic interactions in a classic repeated reference game task where pairs of participants had to coordinate on how to refer to initially difficult‐to‐describe tangram stimuli. We find that (...)
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  45.  31
    Medical ethics and the faith factor: a handbook for clergy and health-care professionals.Robert D. Orr - 2009 - Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co..
    Clinical ethics is a relatively new discipline within medicine, generated not so much by the Can we . . . ? questions of fact and prognosis that physicians ...
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  46.  41
    The role of moral complicity in issues of conscience.Robert D. Orr - 2007 - American Journal of Bioethics 7 (12):23 – 24.
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  47.  19
    Methods of Conflict Resolution at the Bedside.Robert D. Orr - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (4):45-46.
  48. Memory, Natural Kinds, and Cognitive Extension; or, Martians Don’t Remember, and Cognitive Science Is Not about Cognition.Robert D. Rupert - 2013 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 4 (1):25-47.
    This paper evaluates the Natural-Kinds Argument for cognitive extension, which purports to show that the kinds presupposed by our best cognitive science have instances external to human organism. Various interpretations of the argument are articulated and evaluated, using the overarching categories of memory and cognition as test cases. Particular emphasis is placed on criteria for the scientific legitimacy of generic kinds, that is, kinds characterized in very broad terms rather than in terms of their fine-grained causal roles. Given the current (...)
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  49.  15
    Of Slide Rules and Stethoscopes: AI and the Future of Doctoring.Robert D. Truog - 2019 - Hastings Center Report 49 (5):3-3.
    Historically, the practice of medicine has been a physically intimate endeavor. Physicians have used their hands to palpate and reveal the secrets hidden within the body. Smelling the breath for the ketosis of diabetes or tasting the skin for the saltiness of cystic fibrosis were among the physician's essential practices. Today, perhaps the most defining characteristic of a brilliant clinician is the ability to synthesize many images—from electrocardiograms, ultrasounds, CT scans, and so forth—into a coherent picture that can guide our (...)
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  50.  27
    Futility - from hospital policies to state laws.Robert D. Truog & Christine Mitchell - 2006 - American Journal of Bioethics 6 (5):19 – 21.
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